However, earlier on, there had been very big gambling schools and large sums of money changed hands every weekend. Thats the reason they took a grudge against one another, because they didnt understand each others language. The mission is associated with the removal of many Aboriginal people from their "homes" from as far as Tibooburra, Angledool, Walgett, Goodooga and Collenanebri and relocating them to the Brewarrina Mission during the 1930s. She was a bossy woman who would use the mission handy men as messenger boys and had a habit of rushing into peoples houses to make surprise inspections. They are afraid of white people seeing them at their old ways. WebAngledool was previously known as New Angledool when it was established in the 1870s. I returned to Brewarrina earlier this year to give the Brewarrina Aboriginal Museum and community a disk (and album) with a digital version of photos I had taken there in 1954. Welcome to AAB aka All about American Braids [4] The last Mission Manager was William Hopkins who died in December 1900. The words that everyone still knew that were commonly used then were for parts of the body and foods, walla- head, murra- hand, widja- bread, dinga- meat, and names of animals such as garni- lizard, dinewan- emu, as well as swear words, rude words for genitals. The area is able to demonstrate the principal characteristics of the many Aboriginal people who lived at the mission during 1889 - 1966. White people are higher ups than us.. Angel Island, 1846 - 1876. This Station could support itself if people were given a chance. Those people were healthy and ate their own foods; they were fine upstanding young men and women.. They were kept out of sight and only dealt with by officials employed by the Welfare Board who were During the 1920s and 1930s many Aboriginal people were brought in from places such as Tibooburra, Angledool, Collarenebri and Walgett due to other stations were closed down. NPS graphic. Also to acknowledge the original owners of country in Brewarrina as well as all those families who were later sent there, often against their wishes. They considered that he had been fair to them and tried to make some improvements. The U.S. Army began construction on Angel Island in September 1863, when carpenters began erecting quarters for engineers. Our parents did not mind because they thought it was best for us. His grave site is within the Brewarrina Mission Cemetery. Also I fear policemen. Brewarrina Mission was the first institution formally established by the Aborigines Protection Board as part The Protection Board and its managers had absolute authority over anyone legally an Aborigine. WebThe Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission was the oldest institutional-type community in the state that was still managed in 1965. Established in 1886, Aboriginal people were relocated 10 miles east of the town on the opposite bank of the Barwon River. They had fun with my name, calling out Miss Flink and Miss Milk while some would run up to touch me while the others laughed. If there was still cultural knowledge at the Brewarrina Mission during the 1950s such knowledge, would have been kept hidden from white people, including myself, because of the prevailing attitudes. Military installations on Angel Island. Some of them wrote letters after Id left. I had observed and filmed some people being baptised in the river, but unfortunately the film has not survived. Brewarrina Mission was the first institution formally established by the Aborigines Protection Board as part While many Aboriginal people were removed from their traditional home lands and forcibly removed to the Mission, Brewarrina Mission remains an important part to the community's sense of place.[1]. The Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission was the oldest institutional-type community in the state that was still managed in 1965. One manager had his shirt torn off for doing this and there was a matron who shortly after her arrival started to make a lot of changes. This included the power to remove Aborigines from the vicinity of any reserve or township. A unique feature of this mission is that its interior wall murals, originally painted in the 1800s by Salinan Indians who converted to Catholicism, have never been retouched or repainted. People are staring at us. 
Over the years, the Brewarrina Mission was used to house other Aboriginal people from Tibooburra, Angledool, Goodooga and Culgoa to form the reserve which operated between 1886 1966 and was one of the longest running reserve stations in NSW. Then someone reminded her, You dont know what a good Boss youve got. After they married they usually stayed home. In wet weather we could have our own store so we dont have to go 9 miles away. I regarded this as a sign of trust and friendship, because they had allowed me to share some Blackfellow foods, which they then believed white people considered dirty and unfit to eat. Aboriginal missions: Aboriginal missions were created by churches or religious individuals to house Aboriginal people and train them in Christian ideals and to also prepare them for work. Military installations on Angel Island. She said this was to protect herself from the ghosts of old people who had lived there and who might be wandering in the bush. Military installations on Angel Island. [1], Today there are no buildings standing. The last corroboree in Brewarrina was said to have been held in 1931, quite a social event which many white townspeople came to watch. Merv Sutherland from the Office of Environment and Heritage says the declaration marks its significance to the Lightning Ridge, Brewarrina, Goodooga and Walgett communities. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Percy Coombs envisaged how it could have been developed: The only way to help people here is to give them land. (Aboriginal Settlements)[1], Only a few families lived out on the reserve in 1882 and had their homes near the river bank. Twice a week meat rations were supplied from the butchers shop, the first would consist of enough to feed a family chops, lump of fat or kidney with fat, piece of liver and half a neck. 
We had to do what he told us. The mission is associated with the removal of many Aboriginal people from their "homes" from as far as Tibooburra, Angledool, Walgett, Goodooga and Collenanebri and relocating them to the Brewarrina Mission during the 1930s. She recalled: Before we played, the manager would make us clean the station and pick up all the dirt. 
NPS graphic. The reasons became clearer as I learned how people felt ashamed being seen with bush foods. Near the cemetery there are 2 small burial sites which were recently done in a reburial ceremony of returned ancestral remains. In the past few Aborigines were socially accepted and generally, they remained outsiders. Cinemas screen feature films, such as The Sapphires, Bran Nue Dae directed by gifted Aboriginal film makers like Rachael Perkins, Ivan Sen etc. Most had outside coppers and tubs for washing and bathing and only 2 had bathrooms . WebThe Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission was the oldest institutional-type community in the state that was still managed in 1965. But there was none of this happening in 1954! On my first day they were so frightened and suspicious everyone stayed in their houses, and shut their doors whenever they saw me coming. The Stolen Generations which most white people did not know about, explain why there was so much fear and mistrust. It was a rich pastoral district in those days and there was usually plenty of work available on nearby sheep stations. There used to be a railway station at Brewarrina then, and a thriving pastoral industry. At the 2016 census, Angledool had a population of 58 people. No other matron ever came looking to see what we ate or spied on us, they complained. I could understand this, because of my personal experience of prejudice against Jews in Germany where I was born. 
Few women drank, and those who did were usually younger as there was quite strong feeling against women drinking then. 
Welcome to AAB aka All about American Braids One evening at the Managers house he came partly drunk, and insisted that I did not know what I was doing and that the people would never tell me anything. Mr Arnold ate some himself but she only came after he d left and helped herself to it.. In 1954 citizenship rights and pressures for people to assimilate and leave the mission and deny their Aboriginal origins were driving a wedge within the Aboriginal community and turning some individuals and families living in town against people on the Mission even though many had originally grown up together on the Mission. [7], Goodall, H; Flick, K (1996), Angledool stories, retrieved 15 January 2013. I stayed the night at a local pub and was warned next morning at breakfast by a Lands Department official that The Blacks out on the Mission are a bad lot, though he admitted that he had never visited the place. Mission San Miguel Arcngel was the 16th mission founded in the 21 mission chain, and is today a National Historic Landmark. I allowed the children to call me Ruth instead of Miss Fink but after a few days, the school teacher, came over on the pretext of asking me to drive her somewhere. WebPlaces like the Brewarrina Mission kept Aboriginal people segregated and deprived them of proper education and life opportunities. Theyare not complete and they should only be used in the context of this study tounderstand family relationships and connections. [1], The Aboriginal people were required to wash in sheep dip. are kept with them in Canberra. We stayed there till we turned fourteen and then were sent out to work for four years. More than anything, people hated the manager or matron interfering in their domestic quarrels or entering their houses unannounced and uninvited. For the first few weeks, I was often asked by the mothers why I had come. Gradually, the mothers began to accept me and talk to me even letting me inside their houses. The gambling rings were a social activity where people would exchange gossip and those short of money might be lucky enough to win some. Welcome to AAB aka All about American Braids A tall boy called Norman started calling my name Ruth Fink, chanting it and jumping as he called out. Men and women just received handouts of food rations or clothing and a little spending money, but the rest was kept in trust because they were thought to be incapable of managing their earnings. After a while they became more relaxed. This actually deprived them of the need to manage their earnings, and encouraged dependency, which after social security payments became available, perpetuated welfare dependence. The frescoes at Mission San Miguel are some of the most beautiful and best-preserved of any California mission, especially after their restoration in the early 2000s. I have it myself. You go back 25 or 30 years- he lived on his own food mostly-now even the food they eat today is all white peoples food.. They were very sensitive about how they were treated by the matron and felt insulted, when she kept calling them by their Christian names instead of Mrs So and So, as if they were children. He taught us lessons. She felt so ashamed and she would not cut off any meat while the Wunda was around nor would she eat it in front of him or even let him know that she ate it. 2020 Aboriginal Support Group Manly Warringah Pittwater, All Rights Reserved. The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history. Angledool was previously known as New Angledool when it was established in the 1870s. We had quite a lot of smart people here on this station at one time, but the townspeople were exactly like the managers and the police- they didnt want to know anybody here or know how they lived. They thought it terribly funny, seeing a strange Wodjin play the mouth organ, sing and show them a toy garni. Even today they are still suspicious and if they hear anyone talking their lingo they think they are talking about them.. On one of our pig-hunting outings Lilly Hall, began talking in Gamilaroi, her fathers language and said in English to the boys: You are a new generation, you dont know things that we were told by our parents She began excitedly saying different words and pointing to things and telling how proud she was to know and understanding those words. For Elders like George Fernando at Gingie Reserve at Walgett, the restrictions are necessary but difficult to maintain. The entire site of Brewarrina Mission including its cemetery is a significant place to the many Aboriginal tribes including Ngemba and Murrawarri tribe as a place of belonging. When I think back now to Brewarrina, there were some wonderful times, pig hunting with the children, fishing with women on the river banks, eating Cat-fish and Murray cod, sitting round a fireplace at night playing the mouth organ with men who were much better players than I was, and singing songs. We slept in those dormitories and had one day off a week to see our parents. Over the old mission area, approximately 16 small interpretation panels are scattered providing information as to what was once there. They were afraid to walk around at night, and I was often warned about ghosts. Percy Coombs, in 1954, speaking of the past in Brewarrina recalled: The people on this mission have never mixed in much with the white people. Aboriginal mission and reserve records may contain information about individuals and families. At least half of the employed men consumed alcohol regularly, even though it was still illegal except for those who held exemption certificates. Historic site in New South Wales, Australia, Location of Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site in New South Wales, "Print Email Facebook Twitter More Brewarrina Mission open day connects past and present to Indigenous culture and heritage", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brewarrina_Aboriginal_Mission_Site&oldid=1137679098, Aboriginal communities in New South Wales, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site; Barwon Mission; Brewarrina Mission; Brewarrina Aboriginal Station, This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 22:40. It was generally forbidden for Aboriginal people to practice their traditional culture and use their traditional language resulting in the destruction of traditional social structures. This was said to be one of the main reasons why people stopped using Aboriginal languages, which only a few old people could still speak fluently. Duncan found a job at a local saw mill, where he worked for some years, but later on when AIM sent some white missionaries to Tabulam, they sent someone ahead from Sydney to make sure there was satisfactory accommodation. Going to dances on the Clay-pan. There are many Indigenous media such as Koori radio, Goolari Media, Living Black, SBS National Indigenous Television, the ABCs Awaye, Koori newspapers, films and documentaries. In 1873 Robert Moore, the manager of the pastoral property, Muggarie Station, later known as Angledool Station, discovered opals. Brewarrina Mission was the first institution formally established by the Aborigines Protection Board as part The station truck was in town, about to return to the Mission when two women on the back started arguing about some trivial matter. They were kept out of sight and only dealt with by officials employed by the Welfare Board who were the only people who had regular contacts with them. [1][2], For the first Protector of Aborigines and the Aboriginal Protection Board, the problem of the large group of Aborigines camping around Brewarrina seemed to be one of the most pressing in the State. They did not distinguish between town and Mission. Some of the black and white photos were taken on these trips such as driving Lily Hall and Percy Coombs and some boys to Walgett and Lightning Ridge where we camped out. A unique feature of this mission is that its interior wall murals, originally painted in the 1800s by Salinan Indians who converted to Catholicism, have never been retouched or repainted. Why not pick the best man in the place, 2 or 3 of them to organise his own mates, not to try to be better than the boss himself, but why not let them run sheep and help the man who wants to have a go. Increasingly, conflicts occurred when people from different regions and tribes were brought to Brewarrina, such as Angledool people in the 1920s and later people from Tibeburra. I drove there in a battered old Singer 9 utility van, in late June 1954. A few years ago one womans brother visited her. The woman took no notice so he shouted again, so loudly that everyone along the town street could hear him. Recently people could put in claims for Stolen wages and many people sought compensation for money earned years ago that had remained in trust some of which was never given back to those who had earned it or their families. People dont want to save the money as long as they get their little fun and pleasure out of what they ride in. The people had no voice in the running of the station. Some found Brewarrina worse than living conditions had been at Angledool. In 1885 the Aboriginal Protection Board removed the Aboriginal population to an Aboriginal reserve 2 miles from town but urged the need for a home for Aboriginal people in the area. When I left Brewarrina after four months I had come to know people well and had made many friends on the Mission. He and Blanche and their family had been sent by AIM as missionaries to Tabulum. The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales. In some other country hed be more up lifted than he is, but today and go back 60 years or so- the blacks was never given the chancewhite people did not want the black people to know anything at all. The people living in town may feel superior and think they have got away from the Welfare Board and are better than us people here on the Mission, but they really havent got away from the Welfare Board at all. Then the food they eat, they dont want white people to see them eat it. A small lump of hard soap was allocated once a month. The women then decided to gang up on her if she ever came near their houses at lunch time. What Aboriginals share in common with other indigenous groups are the past policies which determined the way they were treated by colonial officials, settlers and later governments during the colonial frontier expansion which gradually and systematically deprived them of their land. There have been very big changes since then and many people who would never have owned up to having Aboriginal ancestry are now proud of their Aboriginal connections. WebAngledool was previously known as New Angledool when it was established in the 1870s. In 1873 Robert Moore, the manager of the pastoral property, Muggarie Station, later known as Angledool Station, discovered opals. The black feels shy and ashamed of himself; the place is not good enough for a white person nor is his food good enough for white people to see. The school never had proper teachers, and classes were taught by either the mission manager, mission managers wife, the clinic sister or even the bookkeeper. Gambling in 1954 was not as important as it had been in earlier times. It was generally forbidden for Aboriginal people to practice their traditional culture and use their traditional language resulting in the destruction of traditional social structures. Aboriginals were hardly ever consulted or interviewed on radio or photographed in newspapers. Now they wont associate with us. There were other differences which sometimes caused disputes- people from Angledool played dice while Brewarrina people were card players. They feel they dont like a white person to see them cooking down in the ashes and near the dirt and eating their own food. WebMany of the Aboriginal people in Dirranbandi were originally from Angledool, a small town over the NSW border. Their natural way of thinking is that the place is not descent and good enough. The Mission truck known as the Gubby used to be driven into town twice a week for stores, with people riding on the back. Mission San Miguel Arcngel was the 16th mission founded in the 21 mission chain, and is today a National Historic Landmark. I had never known anyone Aboriginal before I came to Brewarrina, as a 22 year old anthropology graduate, sent by Professor A.P. They were looked up to as leaders and after I left Brewarrina people wrote telling that many of the remaining families on the Mission had also decided to convert. Those white men who married or lived with Aboriginal partners were often themselves socially unacceptable to other town residents. Mission San Miguel Arcngel was the 16th mission founded in the 21 mission chain, and is today a National Historic Landmark. A reserve near Lightning Ridge has been recognised as an Aboriginal Place. It was important for me to prove to people that I was not trying to be flash like other Wodjins whom they knew. The Angledool Reserve and Cemetery became a station camp in the 19th century and the site of a major Aboriginal Reserve settlement in the early 20th century. One reason was that by then, there were an increasing number of families turning Christian. Anyone of Aboriginal descent was legally classed as Aboriginal under the NSW Aborigines Welfare Act, unless they had a Certificate of Exemption or Citizenship rights. The girls dormitory was also significant as it was utilised by the Aboriginal Protection Board to house young girls who were forcibly removed from their families to be educated in domestic work and then sent out in NSW to work.[1]. But others preferred to ride in taxis, especially if theyd had a win at cards. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Brought into the missions, the surviving Costanoan along with former neighboring groups of Esselen, Yokuts, and Miwok Mission Dolores and Mission Santa Clara were eventually established at the northern and southern ends of the Peninsula The aim was for the Aborigines to gradually disappear, by being absorbed into white Australia so that in a few generations no one would know or remember they had any connection with an Aboriginal past. Next day, I was told how some Aboriginal women who lived in town had seen us together and were shocked that I would sit publicly drinking tea with Doreen. I hope that Brewarrina and similar country towns are now very different from what they were like in 1954. We all thought you was the new welfare officer to replace Mrs English or The children all thought you came for them. They were controlled by the State governments Aborigines Welfare Board , which had power over most aspects of their lives. (He is pointing to the managers garden gate). Some photos were taken on these visits and we had long conversations. You can access the AIASTIS guide to finding mission and reserve records online. Brewarrina Mission was the first institution formally established by the Aborigines Protection Board as part When you hear about problems of domestic violence, alcohol and substance abuse, youth suicide and dysfunctional family life, dont imagine that these are peculiar to Aboriginal communities. The schooling given to children at the Mission did not provide them with a proper education. One day he caught a kangaroo and took it back and asked one of the women on the Mission to have some. Then they would rush inside their houses and peep through the doors to make sure no white official had come to take away their children. Weblake maggiore day trip from milan. WebPlaces like the Brewarrina Mission kept Aboriginal people segregated and deprived them of proper education and life opportunities. Exceptions were made for outstanding footballers, tennis players, athletes, gifted entertainers and lighter skinned people but prejudice remained widespread and unfortunately still continue in some places though it is no longer politically correct . We all went to school together in the mission. Adjoining Angledool was Yeranbah, owned by Australian Pastoral Company, while the New Zealand and Australian Land Company held Goondoobluie, Bangate" and Weilmoringle. Being the site of the first Aboriginal Protection Board institutionalised community the area has the attributes to demonstrate the way of life and customs of those who lived and died on the Mission. People today remember that educated Aboriginal people were seen as troublemakers and not allowed to live on the camp, but forced to live in the bush. It was apparent back then, that there were social barriers that were put up by white people, excluding Aboriginal people, even those who had tried to assimilate, forsaken their Aboriginal identity and were indistinguishable in their life style in any way except for their skin colour or Aboriginal features. When it returned you would hear the children shouting Gubby as the lorry appeared with people and their shopping, which for children was most importantly the fruit and lollies which they were expecting. One Sunday I was out pig hunting with a group of women and children. He took no orders from the people, but was expected to be their Boss much like a prison superintendent. The AIATSIS (Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies) had restored my old negatives, as all my field work photos/recordings etc. They were kept out of sight and only dealt with by officials employed by the Welfare Board who were When I asked why people were afraid of white people seeing them eating bush foods, I was told: Yes, people here are afraid, its a sort of fear deep rooted among the dark people. Many children were sent away to special institutions. By the time I arrived I was covered in fine red dust as there were no sealed roads in those days. In 1882 a census listed 151 Aborigines and 24 "half-castes" at Brewarrina, many reported to be suffering from venereal diseases and "addicted to the habits of intemperance". But after the Protection Board appointed Mission superintendents or managers, they wanted to make children forget their languages and cultures, by forbidding them to speak them at school or in the dormitories and there was a policy of cultural suppression. People were then expected to renounce any Aboriginal cultural ties and cease to socialise with other Aboriginal people except close family. Lily Hall, who was my closest friend came down to Sydney for and stayed with my parents later that year, and I was able to show her some of the sights of Sydney. Adjoining Angledool was Yeranbah, owned by Australian Pastoral Company, while the New Zealand and Australian Land Company held Goondoobluie, Bangate" and Weilmoringle. A few people had Citizenship Rights, which entitled them to receive social security benefits, to vote and importantly the right to enter hotels and drink alcohol, which was then prohibited to Aborigines. She insisted I was wrong to encourage this and she could not understand my doing so. [1], There was a girls dormitory at the Brewarrina Mission. Only an occasional white boy dances with the darker women. Remains of the rehabilitation centre are also on the site, including the concrete slab. WebAboriginal GenealogiesThese genealogies are based on personal communication and genealogiescollected by Taylor and Jardine (1923), and Mathews (AIATSIS Reports). However, it was difficult for anyone Aboriginal to escape from unpleasant experiences of prejudice and there were no anti-discrimination laws then. Merv Sutherland from the Office of Environment and Heritage says the declaration marks its significance to the Lightning Ridge, Brewarrina, Goodooga and Walgett communities. These visits and we had long conversations or interviewed on radio or photographed newspapers... To work for four years 1873 Robert Moore, the mothers why I come. 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